Pregnancy Outcome in First Trimester Bleed

Abstract

Background: Bleeding is common during pregnancy and it is quite normal during first trimester. As the first bleed indicates, implantation of fertilized egg in the lining of uterus. It is common complication of almost 16-25% of pregnancies. 20% of the women experience light or spotted bleeding. Half of these pregnancies survive while the rest lead towards miscarriage. The first trimester bleed can be because of different pathological conditions mainly: miscarriage, cervical bleeding, infection and ectopic pregnancy.

Methodology: Women with bleeding or pain or both in pregnancy, without any conclusive analysis from December 2020 to December 2021 were presented to Gynecology ward, of DHQ Hospital, Timergara and Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar. Evaluation was done with history and physical examination counting ultrasonography, pelvic examination, an HCG level and cervical cultures. 60 gravid females with less than 20 weeks of gestational age that presented with substantial per vaginal bleeding were recruited into the study population. Patients were properly counseled and each patient was given informed oral consent before being recruited for the research. Information about these prenatal, obstetric, and puerperal patients was recorded in an organized obstetric data sheet. SPSS version 16.0 was used for analysis of data. The chi-square test was used to evaluate relationships among groups.

Results: The mothers mean age in the study and group of control was 24.7 ± 3.2 years and 23.93 ± 3.3 years, correspondingly (P> 0.05). The study group has mean parity of 1.9 ± 1.3 and in the control group 2.1 ± 1.4 (P> 0.05). At the time of presentation; mean gestational age for bleeding in the study group was 12.3 ± 1.68 weeks and for control group, it was 12.4 ± 1.39 weeks (P> 0.05). The comparison in both groups was accomplished but no significant differences in relations of birth history, gestational age and age was noted.

Conclusion: The study found that recurrent episodes of bleeding per vaginal in late gestation and bleeding per vaginal in early gestation were related with premature delivery, low birth weight and miscarriage.

Keywords: Apgar scores, Abruptio placentae, placenta praevia, low birth weight.