In-Hospital Complications Among Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Having Severe Left Ventricular Dysfunction

Abstract

Objective: To assess the in-hospital complications of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with severe LV dysfunction and to recognize the risk factors for adverse outcomes.

Methods: This was a prospective descriptive study, containing patients who underwent CABG from 01-June-2019 to 31-Jan-2022 with documented LVEF < 35%. 190 patients for has been selected for this study. Postoperative data in ICU and ward regarding morbidity, mortality, hemorrhage, cardiac arrest, pacemaker implantation, IABP insertion requirement, and discharge data were collected to determine early postoperative outcomes.

Results: The study sample enrolled 190 patients with multivessel CAD with severe LV dysfunction (EF <35%), of all patients, 147 were male and 43 female. Post-surgery hemorrhage has been observed in 23 (12.1%) patients, 9 patients were taken for re-exploration.  The average ICU stay of 5.1 ± 3.6 days and Overall hospital mortality was 14 (7.3%). Patients with LV dysfunction and diabetes have a high mortality rate (OR 8.66, p-value of 0. 01), which is highly significant.  patients with LV dysfunction with renal failure have a significant mortality rate risk (OR 3.85, p-value of 0.014).

Conclusion: Our findings that CABG is associated with enhanced survival in multivessel coronary disease with LV dysfunction with low mortality and postoperative morbidity. In patients with LV dysfunction, diabetes and renal failure are important risk factors in decision making. 

Keywords: LV dysfunction, CABG, In-hospital mortality, coronary artery disease (CAD)