A Cross-Sectional Study on Histological Pattern of Primary Glomerular Diseases among Adult Patients

Abstract

Background and Aims: Primary glomerulonephritis (GN) is the major cause for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and considered to contribute in 52% cases. Kidney biopsy is an essential tool in nephrologists' clinical practice for determining diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of a variety of glomerular conditions. The purpose of the present study was to determine the primary glomerular diseases histopathological pattern among adult patients.

Patients and Methods: A total of 94 suspected primary glomerular disease (GD) patients were investigated in this cross-sectional study conducted in the Nephrology Unit of Medicine department of Mayo Hospital, Lahore from 21^st January 2021 to 20^th February 2022. Individual’s demographic details, diagnostic tests, clinical presentation, kidney biopsy indications, and post-biopsy complications were recorded on pre-designed questionnaire/pro-forma. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 27.

Results: Out of 94 patients, about 76 (80.9%) patients had primary glomerular disease diagnosed on native kidney biopsies. The overall mean age was 38.4± 6.2 years. Out of 94 primary glomerular disease patients, there were 48 (51.1%) male and 46 (48.9%) females. The incidence of nephrotic syndrome and unexplained renal parameters elevations were 47.4% (n=36) and 31.6% (n=24) respectively. The prevalence of Primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), membrano-proliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN), minimal change disease, and IgA nephropathy was 30.3% (n=23), 25% (n=19), 17.1% (n=13), and 6.6% (n=5) respectively. Kidney biopsy post-complications were found in 8 (10.5%) cases.

Conclusion: The present study observed that MPGN and FSDS were the most prime causes for primary glomerular disease. The most prevalent indication of kidney biopsy was nephrotic syndrome.

Keywords: Glomerular disease, kidney biopsy, histopathological pattern, adult patients