Anatomically Abnormal Placement of Placenta and its Under Lying Factors Maternal Tobacco Exposure, History of Cesarean Section and Hypertension among Gravid Females Detected by Sonographically

Abstract

Aim: To ascertain, placenta previa, acreta and per acreta  by ultrasonography during antenatal visit of pregnant mother in 3^rd trimester with history of risk  factors smoking active passive, hypertension previous history of surgery with consents.

Design: cross sectional.

Duration: December 2020 to May 2022 (one year & Six Months).

Site: Radiology, Gynae & Obstetric department of Pak Red Crescent Medical & Dental College and teaching hospital Dina Nath Multan Road Kasur.

Method: convenient sampling with written consent for participation in study. Pregnant mother in 3^rd trimester were examined with ultrasonography and color Doppler.

Keywords: Abnormal placement of placenta, Risk factors, Ultrasonography.