The Frequency of Abnormally High Liver Enzymes and their Connection to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this research is to measure liver enzyme activity in Pakistani people with type 2 diabetes.

Study Design: Cross sectional

Place and Duration: The study was conducted in department of Pathology Women Medical& Dental College Abbottabad from January 2022 to June 2022.

Methods: 400 people were enlisted for the study (200 in the healthy control group I, and another 200 with type 2 diabetes). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were assessed, as was body mass index (BMI). We also checked total protein (TP), albumin, and fasting blood glucose (FBG), and we tested glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c). Averages and standard deviations were used to describe quantitative data, whereas frequencies were used to characterize qualitative information. Tests for associations, significance, and correlations between groups were conducted using the Pearson/Spearman correlation test, the unpaired t-test, and the Chi-squared test. Statistical significance was defined as a P-value less than.05. Each piece of information was put via SPSS 24.0 for statistical analysis.

Results: Among 200 patients of Type 2 DM females were higher in numbers than males. Type 2 DM patients had a mean age of 48.8 years (SD 11.12), whereas the healthy population had a mean age of 40.6 years (SD 11.3) (P .0001). AST activity in Type 2 DM was found to be similar to that of healthy individuals (P =.060). Type 2 DM is associated with elevated levels of ALT, total bilirubin, and alkaline phosphatase when compared to healthy controls (P .0001). Hepatic enzyme levels were abnormal in 60% of those with type 2 diabetes compared to 30% of those without the disease.

Conclusion: Liver function tests (LFTs) were shown to be significantly abnormal in the diabetic community as a whole, demonstrating widespread co-existing derangements. It is possible that early diagnosis and therapy might benefit from a thorough workup in such patients. Furthermore, reducing liver-related morbidity and mortality in Type 2 DM would benefit from early diagnosis and therapy of aberrant liver parameters.

Keywords: Liver Hepatic pathology, Diabetes mellitus type 2, Liver function tests